Submerged Spiral Classifier Market Enigma on a Global Stage | Phenomenal Growth Outlook to 2030 Sep 8, 2023 ... If you don't have the muscle power or time, let a spiral panning machine help you separate the gold from your concentrates and black sand much more quickly and easily. FREE SHIPPING on orders of $350 or more! To learn more about the manufacturer and use of the Desert Fox, Mountain Goat, and Pro Camel, scroll to the bottom of this page.Dec 1, 2020 · This is an example of vanilla Tensorflow playground with no added features and no modifications. The run for Spiral was between 187 to ~300 Epoch, depending. I used Lasso Regularization L1 so I could eliminate coefficients. I decreased the batch size by 1 to keep the output from over fitting. EIMCO-K.C.P. Spiral Classifiers are mechanically the devices are powerfully built, and functionally they are versatile and flexible. Today’s worldwide acceptance of EIMCO-K.C.P. Classifiers for washing and dewatering pulps, and in closed-circuit grinding is the result of many years of experience in solving wet classification problems. Spiral classifiers. A typical spiral classifier is shown in Fig. 1. The geometry of a spiral is characterized by the length or number of turns, the diameter, the pitch and the shape of the trough (Burt, 1984). The spiral feed is a mixture of water and ground particles that is gravity fed at the top of the spiral.Spiral classifiers work great and generally aren't a maintenance problem. The main problem is that most mills have outgrown them for direct use in closed circuits. The best bet would be to pump the mill discharge to the classifier and flow the sands by gravity back into the mill if direct feed can't be arranged.The spiral classifier, also known as the classifier or horizontal spiral classifier, is a type of equipment used in ore processing plants. It is used for mechanical classification based on the principle that solid particles have different specific gravities and therefore precipitate at different rates in a liquid.4. Hydraulic spiral lifting device Spiral dewaterer model - SD The Metso Outotec spiral dewaterer model SD is a robust evolution of the spiral classifier for reliable operations in mill scale handling. The spiral dewaterer with special designed spiral and enlarged pool area is able to handle large flows of effluents, offering aspiral separator D series. water for the food industry. Contact. Flow: 2 m³/h - 100 m³/h. It serves to separate and wash sand present in water. Water enters in the decantation hopper, where solids, after separation, decant on the bottom. A screw, with a very slow rotation speed, collects all the solids from the bottom and ...on a slope, with interrupted rake or spiral blades to move the settled solids to a central discharge cone. Tank diameters vary from 4 to 250 ft. Tank depths at center are 2 to 3 ft for small units and up to 25 ft for larger units. Hydraulic classifiers of the sizer and super-sorter types, Figs. 7 and 8, are narrow, deep, rectangular Spiral classifier is used to treat alluvial placer, especially for those with high dissociation degree and flat shape of mineral monomer. Spiral classifier and ball mill generally cooperate, mostly used for mineral processing. The classifier has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable operation, convenient operation, high efficiency ... Mokup of classifier, 2 principles, 1600 mm screw diameter. Still in use in several silica sand plant: wash drain and dedusting.Spiral classifier is a common classification equipment used in mineral processing plants. It has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable operation, large processing capacity, stable classification area and high classification efficiency. Below we briefly introduce its importance, working principle, application and main classification.10.3.2 Bahan. Bahan yang digunakan dalam percobaan Spiral Classifier yaitu : 1. Mineral Kasiterit (SnO2) dengan ukuran – 40 + 70 # yakni sebanya 1 kg. 2. Zeolit yakni hasil kominusi dengan ukuran – 8 + 12 #, sebanyak 3 kg. Sumber : Data Hasil Praktikum PBG, 2017. Foto 10.11 Zeolit.Jul 16, 2023 · Our report on the Spiral Classifier Market provides a comprehensive overview of the current market trends and dynamics. It offers an in-depth analysis of the leading players in the market, along ... The preferential classification benefit of cyclones is further illustrated in Table 2 which compares the metallurgical results of cyclones versus spiral classifiers in a copper grinding circuit. The cyclone produced an overflow product containing more copper in the finer size ranges where it will be subject to higher recovery in flotation.on a slope, with interrupted rake or spiral blades to move the settled solids to a central discharge cone. Tank diameters vary from 4 to 250 ft. Tank depths at center are 2 to 3 ft for small units and up to 25 ft for larger units. Hydraulic classifiers of the sizer and super-sorter types, Figs. 7 and 8, are narrow, deep, rectangularThe Submerged Spiral Classifier Market is undergoing a remarkable transformation, fueled by cutting-edge technologies and a deep commitment to meeting user needs. Companies within the industry are ...Spiral classifier is a common classification equipment used in mineral processing plants. It has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable operation, large processing capacity, stable classification area and high classification efficiency. Below we briefly introduce its importance, working principle, application and main classification.Spiral Classifiers are available in sizes up to 120″ diameter, three tank styles, single, double and triple pitch spirals, three degrees of spiral submergence —flexibility to provide a unit built for your job. Write for detailed recommendation on the correct size and type of Spiral Classifier to do your job economically and profitably.The spiral classifier, also known as the classifier or horizontal spiral classifier, is a type of equipment used in ore processing plants. It is used for mechanical classification based on the principle that solid particles have different specific gravities and therefore precipitate at different rates in a liquid.Description FC and FG Series Spiral Classifier is mainly used in pre-classification and examination classification of grinding circuit in concentration plant and aggregate plant as well as desliming and dehydration in the process of sand washing. It can be classified into single spiral and double spiral according to the spiral quantity; and high weir type and sinking type according to the ...The classifier designs differ mainly in the mode of removing the underflow and the overflow slurries. Immersed spiral or rakes are generally used for underflow slurries and an open launder carries the overflow. Figure 13.1 is a sketch of a spiral classifier where the spiral conveyor is installed within the bowl. The spiral operates along the ...Spiral classifier. Spiral classifier is one of the classifying equipment in mineral processing. It is suitable for classifying materials in the mineral processing plant as well as the desliming and dehydrating in the mineral washing operating process and widely applied to separate the particles into a number of products graded according to size in the complete closed loop together with ball ...Spiral Classifier Market report also includes a pricing analysis for each type, manufacturer, region, and global price from 2018 to 2030. This information will help stakeholders make informed ...Spiral classifiers suitable for dewatering, de-medium, desliming and wet and dry classifying in mine.This machine is mainly used in the production flow of me... Spiral classifier is one of beneficiation equipment, based on user requirements, it can be divided into single and double spiral classifier. Depend on specific gravity of solid particles, so different sedimentation velocity in a liquid principle, spiral classifier is a mechanical grading equipment. Classifier. The Spiral Classifier used for the study was manufactured by Nick and Paul. 2.2 Designing of Test Works Prior to test work design, visit to the oxide plant at Ghana Manganese Company (GMC) were made with the aim of getting acclimatize with the current operations at the plant. The Spiral classifier was operated in batch mode.The Global Spiral Classifier Market can be segmented based on various factors to gain a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics and opportunities. The segmentation allows for a more targeted ...Lab Spiral Classifier. This Lab Spiral classifiers suitable for dewatering, medium drainage and desliming and wet and dry classifying for ore, Non-metallic materials, etc. Spiral classifier is a type of classifying equipment which realizes mechanical classification under the principle that materials settle in the liquid at different speeds due ... The classifier is mainly composed of transmission device, spiral body, trough, lifting mechanism, lower support (bearing) and discharge valve. Spiral Classifier Advantages: 1、Simple structure, easy to maintain. 2、Easy operation and stable performance. 3、Gravity connection with Ball mills; slurry pump conveying is not necessary.Spiral classifier is a mechanical classification machine based on the principle that the specific gravity of solid particles is different in the speed of precipitation in liquid. During the beneficiation process, the ore needs to be ground to a certain fineness so that the fine-grained useful minerals and gangue can be fully dissociated and ... Spiral Dewaterer model - SD Metso spiral dewaterer model SD is a robust evolution of the spiral classifier for reliable operations in mill scale handling. The spiral dewaterer with special designed spiral and enlarged pool area is able to handle large flows of effluents, offering a well dewatered mill scale product and a clear overflow ...13.5.3.4 Spiral Concentrator. The spiral concentrator is a modern high-capacity and low-cost device. It is developed for concentration of low-grade ores and industrial minerals in slurry form. It works on a combination of solid particle density and its hydrodynamic dragging properties.Product Features. 1.This classifier adopts sealing immersed bearing. 2. Independent hoisting equipment with strong reshipment power. 3. Wearable liner of bolt installed to prolong the service life. 4. Cell body in long and narrow shape can reach a good mixing effect and prolong the suspension time of materials. To understand how these two classifiers make use of this settling action, a description of them is required. First, to have the classification happen, the slurry must be able to flow. This means the classifiers must be inclined. The working portion of these two classifiers are the RAKES or SPIRAL/screw which are placed into the flow of ore. To ...Classifier. The Spiral Classifier used for the study was manufactured by Nick and Paul. 2.2 Designing of Test Works Prior to test work design, visit to the oxide plant at Ghana Manganese Company (GMC) were made with the aim of getting acclimatize with the current operations at the plant. The Spiral classifier was operated in batch mode.Spiral Classifier Wet classification is the art of solid-liquid separators i.e spiral separator, separating the solid particles in a mixture of solids and liquids into fractions according to particle size or density by methods other than screening. It is evident that no linear classifier will be able to do a good job classifying spiral data where the boundary between two classes is a curve. A simple two layer network with RELU activation on the hidden layer automatically learns the decision boundaries and achieves a 99% classification accuracy on such a data set.The ball mill and spiral classifier work together, to be a close circuit grinding system, to control the materials to be grinded as you want.More details ple...Oct 22, 2019 · Misconception 4: Fine Material Screws are recommended for cutting at a coarse sand size. Fine Material Screw Washers generally are not recommended for removing fine solids larger than 150 micron or 100 mesh. When a separation ranging from 150 to 800 micron (or 100 to 20 mesh) is required, other types of classifiers, like Hydrosizers™ (or ... Spiral classifier . Diameter of screw :500-1500mm Spiral classifier is widely used to form a closed cycle process to split mineral sand with ball mill in ore dressing plants, grade ore and fine mud in the gravity ore dressing plant, or for the pulp size classification in the metal beneficiation process, as well as desliming and dehydration in washing operations.Submerged Spiral Classifier Market Enigma on a Global Stage | Phenomenal Growth Outlook to 2030 Sep 8, 2023 ... If you don't have the muscle power or time, let a spiral panning machine help you separate the gold from your concentrates and black sand much more quickly and easily. FREE SHIPPING on orders of $350 or more! To learn more about the manufacturer and use of the Desert Fox, Mountain Goat, and Pro Camel, scroll to the bottom of this page. Nesans Spiral Classifier consists of an open trough with a chute provided for the input feed material. Before being fed into the spiral classifier, the dust from the screen is mixed with water and it is carried to the input chute through a slurry pump. The inlet flow is evenly distributed across the surface area of the spirals. Aug 7, 2023 · The Global Spiral Classifier Market can be segmented based on various factors to gain a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics and opportunities. The segmentation allows for a more targeted ... Aug 6, 2015 · The rake classifier such as the Dorr classifier consists of a rectangular tank with a sloping/inclined bottom. The tank is provided with movable rakes (reciprocating rakes). The feed in the form of a suspension (slurry) is introduced continuously near the middle of the tank. The lower end of the tank has a weir overflow (discharge weir) from ... The Global Spiral Classifier Market can be segmented based on various factors to gain a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics and opportunities. The segmentation allows for a more targeted ...Mokup of classifier, 2 principles, 1600 mm screw diameter. Still in use in several silica sand plant: wash drain and dedusting. spiral classifier 1600 | 3D CAD Model Library | GrabCAD Spiral Classifiers are available in sizes up to 120″ diameter, three tank styles, single, double and triple pitch spirals, three degrees of spiral submergence —flexibility to provide a unit built for your job. Write for detailed recommendation on the correct size and type of Spiral Classifier to do your job economically and profitably.As of 2023, our analysis indicates that the global Spiral Classifier market is poised to reach USD 1399.9 million by 2028, exhibiting a steady CAGR of 3.3% from 2023 to 2028. With a focus on ...Chapter 1: High Weir Spiral Classifier Market Product Definition, Product Types, Volume, and Revenue Analysis of Each Type in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, and ...Triveni Spiral Classifiers utilize an increased for maximum torque and quiet, trouble free. lead or helix angle to form the continuous high pitch performance. Spiral for greater raking capacity. The upper main bearing is over sized for normal. Classifier service. Also this bearing and gear pivot is on.on a slope, with interrupted rake or spiral blades to move the settled solids to a central discharge cone. Tank diameters vary from 4 to 250 ft. Tank depths at center are 2 to 3 ft for small units and up to 25 ft for larger units. Hydraulic classifiers of the sizer and super-sorter types, Figs. 7 and 8, are narrow, deep, rectangular Description FC and FG Series Spiral Classifier is mainly used in pre-classification and examination classification of grinding circuit in concentration plant and aggregate plant as well as desliming and dehydration in the process of sand washing. It can be classified into single spiral and double spiral according to the spiral quantity; and high weir type and sinking type according to the ...SPIRAL CLASSIFIER / SCREW CLASSIFIER. DOVE Spiral Classifier, also referred to as Screw Classifier, or Spiral Mineral Separator, is highly efficient classifier designed for closed circuit wet classification and separation of the Slimes (Fines) from a sandy sized (Coarse) material. It is well suited for classification, where a two product size ...XBM Mining is a leading global supplier of equipment and tools, service and technical solutions for the mining industry,especially specialized in ore benefic...Spiral washer is a type of sand washing machine, while spiral classifier is a mineral processing equipment. There are many similarities between spiral washers and spiral classifiers in appearance, many users can not distinguish them. In this article, will introduce 6 differences between spiral washers and spiral classifiers. 1. Different ...Spiral Classifier Market report also includes a pricing analysis for each type, manufacturer, region, and global price from 2018 to 2030. This information will help stakeholders make informed ...The preferential classification benefit of cyclones is further illustrated in Table 2 which compares the metallurgical results of cyclones versus spiral classifiers in a copper grinding circuit. The cyclone produced an overflow product containing more copper in the finer size ranges where it will be subject to higher recovery in flotation.The concept of spiral classifiers cathodic protection presented in this paper may become an alternative to the anti-corrosion protection methods of machinery and equipment used now at the KGHM ...Spiral classifier is used for material classification with spirals used to stir and convey materials according to the difference in material settling velocities. It is a kind of gravitational and hydraulic classifiers. The specification of spiral classifiers is represented by the number and diameter of spirals.Spiral Classifiers are available in sizes up to 120″ diameter, three tank styles, single, double and triple pitch spirals, three degrees of spiral submergence —flexibility to provide a unit built for your job. Write for detailed recommendation on the correct size and type of Spiral Classifier to do your job economically and profitably. A study was carried out to select the appropriate coatings for corrosion protection of the spiral classifier working at KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. Ore Concentration Plant. The abrasion resistance of selected protective coatings and wear-resistant linings was investigated using a DT-523 rotary abrasion tester with Taber CS-10 rubber abrasive discs. The average weight loss of the coatings after a ...Jul 6, 2023 · USA, New Jersey- The Global Spiral Classifier Market is set to embark on an extraordinary journey of growth and transformation from 2023 to 2030. This pivotal period will witness a convergence of ... Spiral classifier is one of beneficiation equipment, based on user requirements, it can be divided into single and double spiral classifier. Depend on specific gravity of solid particles, so different sedimentation velocity in a liquid principle, spiral classifier is a mechanical grading equipment. China Spiral Classifier manufacturers - Select 2023 high quality Spiral Classifier products in best price from certified Chinese Mining Equipment, Mining Machine suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.comon a slope, with interrupted rake or spiral blades to move the settled solids to a central discharge cone. Tank diameters vary from 4 to 250 ft. Tank depths at center are 2 to 3 ft for small units and up to 25 ft for larger units. Hydraulic classifiers of the sizer and super-sorter types, Figs. 7 and 8, are narrow, deep, rectangularThe rotation speed of the commonly used spiral classifier is. To obtain coarse overflow, the speed of the spiral with a diameter of 2 m should not exceed 6 r/min, and with a diameter of 1 m or more should be controlled at 2-8 r/min. For example, for a spiral with a diameter of 0.3 m, in order to obtain a coarse overflow, the spiral speed can be ...Spiral classifier is used for material classification with spirals used to stir and convey materials according to the difference in material settling velocities. It is a kind of gravitational and hydraulic classifiers. The specification of spiral classifiers is represented by the number and diameter of spirals.Nov 28, 2022 · High Weir Spiral Classifier, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is projected to record 2.3% CAGR and reach US$827.7 Million by the end of the analysis period. Taking into account the ... Aug 7, 2023 · The Global Spiral Classifier Market can be segmented based on various factors to gain a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics and opportunities. The segmentation allows for a more targeted ... Classifier. The Spiral Classifier used for the study was manufactured by Nick and Paul. 2.2 Designing of Test Works Prior to test work design, visit to the oxide plant at Ghana Manganese Company (GMC) were made with the aim of getting acclimatize with the current operations at the plant. The Spiral classifier was operated in batch mode. If you don't have the muscle power or time, let a spiral panning machine help you separate the gold from your concentrates and black sand much more quickly and easily. FREE SHIPPING on orders of $350 or more! To learn more about the manufacturer and use of the Desert Fox, Mountain Goat, and Pro Camel, scroll to the bottom of this page. Mokup of classifier, 2 principles, 1600 mm screw diameter. Still in use in several silica sand plant: wash drain and dedusting. spiral classifier 1600 | 3D CAD Model Library | GrabCAD The spiral classifier, also known as the classifier or horizontal spiral classifier, is a type of equipment used in ore processing plants. It is used for mechanical classification based on the principle that solid particles have different specific gravities and therefore precipitate at different rates in a liquid.Submerged Spiral Classifier Market Enigma on a Global Stage | Phenomenal Growth Outlook to 2030 Sep 8, 2023 ... spiral classifier is a kind of small particles rough granding equipment. According to the difference in sedimentation rate of mineral particles and mud, the ...spiral separator D series. water for the food industry. Contact. Flow: 2 m³/h - 100 m³/h. It serves to separate and wash sand present in water. Water enters in the decantation hopper, where solids, after separation, decant on the bottom. A screw, with a very slow rotation speed, collects all the solids from the bottom and ...EIMCO-K.C.P. Offers Bridge mounted (B) type, Column Mounted (C) Type and Traction driven (T) type Classifiers mechanism for various applications. These operate on the common principle of moving settled solids to the center of principle of moving settled solids to the centre of the tank for removal, and differ principally in the method used to ...on a slope, with interrupted rake or spiral blades to move the settled solids to a central discharge cone. Tank diameters vary from 4 to 250 ft. Tank depths at center are 2 to 3 ft for small units and up to 25 ft for larger units. Hydraulic classifiers of the sizer and super-sorter types, Figs. 7 and 8, are narrow, deep, rectangularSpiral classifier is mainly composed of the driving device, the spiral body, the groove body, the lifting mechanism, the lower seat and discharge valve. The machine base adopts channel steel, the body adopts welded steel plate. Screw shaft parts use the pig iron, and wear resistance. Working Principle:SPIRAL CLASSIFIER / SCREW CLASSIFIER. DOVE Spiral Classifier, also referred to as Screw Classifier, or Spiral Mineral Separator, is highly efficient classifier designed for closed circuit wet classification and separation of the Slimes (Fines) from a sandy sized (Coarse) material. It is well suited for classification, where a two product size ...These spiral classifier price types include vibrating shaker tables and alluvial washing machines, and they can be used alongside more precise separation tools. Choose from shaft tables and hydraulic tables that are equipped with hydraulics for conducting compression tests and come with distinct power capacities.Description FC and FG Series Spiral Classifier is mainly used in pre-classification and examination classification of grinding circuit in concentration plant and aggregate plant as well as desliming and dehydration in the process of sand washing. It can be classified into single spiral and double spiral according to the spiral quantity; and high weir type and sinking type according to the ...The preferential classification benefit of cyclones is further illustrated in Table 2 which compares the metallurgical results of cyclones versus spiral classifiers in a copper grinding circuit. The cyclone produced an overflow product containing more copper in the finer size ranges where it will be subject to higher recovery in flotation.Moreover, The Global Spiral Classifier Industry research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the sector, focusing on important details like industry size, market share, and major competitors.The ball mill and spiral classifier work together, to be a close circuit grinding system, to control the materials to be grinded as you want.More details ple... EIMCO-K.C.P. Offers Bridge mounted (B) type, Column Mounted (C) Type and Traction driven (T) type Classifiers mechanism for various applications. These operate on the common principle of moving settled solids to the center of principle of moving settled solids to the centre of the tank for removal, and differ principally in the method used to ...
The result of that the 900mm spiral classifier has the best beneficiation effect in the cases of the same grade concentrate ore. The scavenging effect of 900mm pitch spiral separator machine has the output of 3.42t/h, the productivity of 32.18%, the grade of concentrate mineral 17.46%, recovery rate 17.16%, and comprehensive efficiency of 27.74%.. Bbc blowjobpercent27s
A Spiral Classifier is a machine that is primarily used to classify the slimes (fines) from a coarser, sandy sized material. It has an inclined trough with one or two spirals revolving slowly and free from touching the sides or bottom of the tank. The motion of the spiral creates Pool Hindered Settling in the bottom pool area, where the ... Submerged Spiral Classifier Market Enigma on a Global Stage | Phenomenal Growth Outlook to 2030 Sep 8, 2023 ...Lab Spiral Classifier. This Lab Spiral classifiers suitable for dewatering, medium drainage and desliming and wet and dry classifying for ore, Non-metallic materials, etc. Spiral classifier is a type of classifying equipment which realizes mechanical classification under the principle that materials settle in the liquid at different speeds due ...Shaker Tables. MBMM produces high-performance shaker tables for gravity separation based on different material densities. They are designed for maximum performance by combining the best of many proven designs, refined after many hundreds of hours of R&D. The most notable feature is from an old 1909 Deister patent: a ramp and plateau system ... Spiral classifiers. A typical spiral classifier is shown in Fig. 1. The geometry of a spiral is characterized by the length or number of turns, the diameter, the pitch and the shape of the trough (Burt, 1984). The spiral feed is a mixture of water and ground particles that is gravity fed at the top of the spiral.China Spiral Classifier manufacturers - Select 2023 high quality Spiral Classifier products in best price from certified Chinese Mining Equipment, Mining Machine suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.comThe concept of spiral classifiers cathodic protection presented in this paper may become an alternative to the anti-corrosion protection methods of machinery and equipment used now at the KGHM ...The spiral speed and feed tonnage correlated negatively to the Mn grade with washing time correlating positively. Operating the spiral classifier at a feed rate, spiral speed and washing time of 6 t, 25 rev/min, and 30 min, respectively, yielded Mn grade of 53%. Oct 1, 2015 · The concept of spiral classifiers cathodic protection presented in this paper may become an alternative to the anti-corrosion protection methods of machinery and equipment used now at the KGHM ... Aug 6, 2015 · The rake classifier such as the Dorr classifier consists of a rectangular tank with a sloping/inclined bottom. The tank is provided with movable rakes (reciprocating rakes). The feed in the form of a suspension (slurry) is introduced continuously near the middle of the tank. The lower end of the tank has a weir overflow (discharge weir) from ... A Spiral Classifier is a machine that is primarily used to classify the slimes (fines) from a coarser, sandy sized material. It has an inclined trough with one or two spirals revolving slowly and free from touching the sides or bottom of the tank. The motion of the spiral creates Pool Hindered Settling in the bottom pool area, where the ... Submerged Spiral Classifier Market Enigma on a Global Stage | Phenomenal Growth Outlook to 2030 Sep 8, 2023 ... Nesans Spiral Classifier consists of an open trough with a chute provided for the input feed material. Before being fed into the spiral classifier, the dust from the screen is mixed with water and it is carried to the input chute through a slurry pump. The inlet flow is evenly distributed across the surface area of the spirals. May 17, 2019 · The result of that the 900mm spiral classifier has the best beneficiation effect in the cases of the same grade concentrate ore. The scavenging effect of 900mm pitch spiral separator machine has the output of 3.42t/h, the productivity of 32.18%, the grade of concentrate mineral 17.46%, recovery rate 17.16%, and comprehensive efficiency of 27.74%. Chapter 1: High Weir Spiral Classifier Market Product Definition, Product Types, Volume, and Revenue Analysis of Each Type in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, and ....